Should Students Live On Campus - 1511 Words

Here at Walsh, the campus may be small but the freshman dorm rooms are even smaller. This makes it extremely hard for some individuals to fit all their belongings into their room. But, I do not want to hear â€Å"my roommate and I have so much stuff we can barely fit† because some students are placed in the same sized dorm room with three people instead of two people. My problem with this is, that the rooms are only equipped with two closets no matter what. That means, either two people must share the two closets or even worse one person does not get one at all. To say the least, there is simply not enough room to have three people crammed into one small space and lie there for the duration of the semester. There are many ways to fix this problem. One thing that could be done to have more space and less students in one room is that those who live on campus should be students who live outside of a thirty-mile radius and the ones that live within the radius must live off campus. Yes, this would cause the campus to lose money but in the long run it would help better the lives of our residents and if the students are happy, that makes them more likely to promote Walsh. This proposal may irritate those involved, the ones living inside of the radius, but it is only to improve Walsh. With all the money that Walsh makes because of the tuition and because of its students, there is no reason that there is not enough living space for every student to live comfortably. I feel this willShow MoreRelatedShould we move to the new campus?600 Words   |  3 PagesShould we move to the new campus? â€Å"Is every new thing better than old?† On 5 November 2013, UM held the inauguration ceremony for the new campus in the University Hall on new campus, and all the students will go to the new campus soon. It seems very good to the students, but some students actually have the same question, â€Å"should we move to the new campus?† Of course, everything has its good side and bad side. For moving to the new campus, most students think that its disadvantage is more than theRead MoreThe Middle State University ( Mtsu )855 Words   |  4 Pageshousing to provide for all of their students. As a result, students are expected to find their own housing off-campus. Hence, students must live in off-campus apartment complexes that are expensive, too far away, and difficult for young students to rent. While there are some benefits to off-campus housing, students face many problems in securing these types of housing situations. The prices of off-campus housing are high and the l ocations are often too far away from campus to walk. In addition, many apartmentRead MoreBanning Guns On A College Campus1184 Words   |  5 Pagesa college campus (Armed Campus). Texas, Tennessee, Idaho, Utah, and Colorado, are the states included in this fact. If people would allow guns on a college campus, there would be less violence. Campuses are targets for violence since students cannot carry a gun to scare off a shooter, and it is also Americans’ second Amendment right to carry a gun. College campuses should allow the students with a CHL, or concealed handgun license, to carry guns on campus because it will make the student feel saferRead MoreThe Issue Of Guns On Campus953 Words   |  4 PagesGuns on Campus Crime seems to be at an all-time high in current times. I feel that this is due to so many people carrying guns. The safety of all people should be the focus of our society now. One area we really need to not allow firearms on campuses. This is only one area to focus on. There are several reason why allowing guns on colleges campuses and universities could be dangerous to people. First, gun violence seems to lead to an escalation of violent crime. The percentage of students thatRead MoreStudents At The University Of Alabama1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe number of students attending the University of Alabama has reached a new high of 37,100. That number is a 2.4% increase from 2014 (uanews.ua.edu). As the number of students is predicted only to increase in the years to come, the University must reflect on the housing options for these 37,100 students. Freshman students required to live on campus face a difficult situation--lack of housing. With that being said, the best and most efficient way to cope with the ever growing population is to allowRead MoreLiving on Campus or off Campus932 Words   |  4 Pages　　Nowadays, a number of college students choose to live off campus by renting a house or apartment in a community. There are many their own reasons to justify this choice. However, in spite of the freedom and comfort gained from living outsi de the college, most students still prefer to live in dormitories. In my opinion, I believe that the dormitory life is more meaningful and suitable for students who are pursuing higher education. Actually, living on campus or off campus are really difficult to chosenRead MoreCollege : Dorm Or Apartment1122 Words   |  5 Pagesfreshmen to live on campus. Adding room and board to the equation, the cost jumps to a staggering $20,182.(Undergraduate Admissions) That practically doubles the cost of a college education. Is it worth the extra expense to live on campus? College is a monumental transition. Typical incoming freshmen have lived with their parents their entire life, so they have not had all the responsibility that comes with living away from home. To ease the transition college freshmen should live on campus. A dorm providesRead MoreCollege Should Live On Campus885 Words   |  4 Pagescollege should live on campus or live in an apartment is a big decision during their college years. The student has so many decisions to make and this is just another decision to make on the road to their future. Many aspects must be looked at when deciding to live on campus or live off campus such as expense, student life and proximity to campus and these are just some parts of the whole equation. Both living on campus and living off campus have their pros and cons, the option the student choosesRead MoreBanning Guns On Campuses And Universities846 Words   |  4 Pagessafety of all people should be the focus of our society now. One area we really need to not allow firearms on campuses. This is only one area to focus on. There are several reason why allowing guns on colleges campuses and universities could be dangerous to people. First, gun violence seems to lead to an escalation of violent crime. The percentage of students that could be robbed on their way to class increases . Campuses that do not have metal detectors to screen the students are at risk for violentRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking And Sexual Assault On College Campuses1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is a country of freedom. Most of people can find their lives which they want. Especially, the college students can join in some activates and clubs. Their campus lives are always fulfilling. However, there are still some dangers among the campus, and most is from the students themselves. Recent survey estimates provided by Fisher, Cullen, and Turner (2000) revealed that for every 1,000 women attending institutions of higher education, there may well be 35 incidents of rape in a

Minimum Entry into Nursing Free Essays

The minimum entry perquisites for nurses have been a hot issue for the last three to four decades. All through this era, position proclamations have been frequently impending from a variety of specialized associations, undoubtly the most considered being the ANA â€Å"First Position on Education for Nursing† of 1965. These statements have lead to arguments and debate, in particularly within the area of registered nurses. We will write a custom essay sample on Minimum Entry into Nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The argument of these diverse proclamations have been to shift official nursing education out of the service division and into educational spectrum, to propose the nature of education desired for the coming years, and to deal with projected future of the profession of nursing. In general, entry into practice has been one of the most controversial subjects regarding nursing. (Gosnell, 2002) Disagreement concerning associate degree nursing as an entrance level for registered nurses has been surfacing from the time when it was initiated. Associate Degree Nursing (ADN) education offers a vibrant trail for entry into registered nursing practice. ADN provides handy, inexpensive, excellence teaching to an assorted populace. Commenced as a research assignment in reply to communal requirements, this instruction is repeatedly developing to be a sign of confined society needs and present health care inclinations. Graduates of this program are equipped to function in numerous health care circumstances, together with societal practice sites. In spite of the pertinent important impact this teaching has had on the entry into nursing subject, Mahaffey tells that assessments were occasionally made with no noteworthy demonstration of all curriculum categories. There is a necessary requirement for addition of the influence of ADN mentors, with nurses on job, in the groupings who are conniving an apparition for nursing. (Mahaffey, 2002) References Gosnell, D. (May 31, 2002)   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The 1965 Entry into Practice Proposal – Is It Relevant Today?† Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. #7 No. #2, Overview and Summary. Available: http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic18/tpc18ntr.htm Mahaffey, E. (May 31, 2002)   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Relevance of Associate Degree Nursing Education: Past, Present, Future† Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. #7 No. #2, Manuscript 2. Available: http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic18/tpc18_2.htm    How to cite Minimum Entry into Nursing, Essay examples

Business Plan for Toy Shop free essay sample

They are used for decorations by adults and for education amp; play by children. Toys are also being used for entertainment and child development. Plastic toys, along with soft toys (mainly dolls) and board games, make up about 80% of the Indian market in value terms. The change that is discernible is the decline in Importance of board games (other than puzzles), which involve play by a group of children. Those in the trade argue that, with smaller family size today and the growing incidence of both parents working, there is little scope for board games, which families used to traditionally play together. The emphasis these days is much more on toys, with which a child can play on his/her own. Market Dynamics of the Indian Toy Trade The Indian toy market exhibits some of the characteristics common to any toy market while others have uniquely the Indian character. Individual toys have a short life cycle. There is a constant need for novelty. Consumer tastes change rapidly. Resurrection of old toys does not work – a new content has to be added or altered. These rules, in general, apply to most toy markets internationally. In addition, the Indian market has its own angularities. Toy sales in India have well defined seasonal patterns coinciding with the festival season. Generally, the time period from July to November is the high season with temporary surges in some States in December amp; March. Toy selling in India often involves selling to 3 individuals simultaneously, namely the child, who will use the toy, the mother, who is concerned with safety, space to play, etc. and the father who controls the purse strings. The market is also highly price sensitive. This trend has been reinforced by the entry of large-scale imports of cheap and novel toys from China. These have mostly been unbranded, of low priced and indifferent quality toys. The past decade has seen the Indian toy industry making quick strides in terms of production and exports. At present, India produces a wide range of toys, namely plastic and mechanical activity toys, plastic and soft dolls, stuffed toys, board games, puzzles, educational games and toys, metal toys, electronic toys and games. It is estimated that the toy production in India is around INR 5. 50 billion in the organized sector and INR 12. 50 billion in the unorganized sector with nearly 20% annual average growth rate. There are more than 3000 units in the small-scale sector including large number of units in the cottage sector. Some large/MNCs’ toy units like the Mattel, Lego and Funskool are also present in India. With international quality toys available in India now, the average spending on toys has increased substantially and this process is supported by an increase in disposable income at the customer end. Introduction â€Å"To every child, presenting a toy creates a special attachment between the two. † We intend to satisfy the needs of the children mainly aged below 10yrs. y having an â€Å"KIDZONE† as a part of organized retail, catering to almost all the trifling requirements of kids. Service will be one of our main focus areas wherein we intend to have a â€Å"play n feel the toys† zone attracting the kids to enjoy with toys. This facility will give a real feeling of amusement to children, hence attracting the kids and parents towards it. Thereafter we will al so provide a babysitting facility for parents shopping throughout the mall and in the meantime the trifling needs of babies will be taken care of. Secondly, we will focus on disintermediation of procurement channel by directly sourcing the finished products from the toy manufacturers mainly from China amp; other manufacturers from India. Most importantly we are looking forward to revolutionize the toy industry by having merged quality with fun wherein all the safety issues would be taken care ensuring the source of playfulness not becoming a hysterical item. Above all our long term goal is to make our retail outlets as a brand name well recognized in toy industry and increase the organized retail market share in toys segment. Management Team Vishwanath Patil Ajit Mangarulkar Piyush Borde Yogendra Bhosale Kunal Dalal Marketing Plan SWOT Analysis Strengths: Our business would impart touch amp; feel factor to the child We would impart child caring facility in our store where the parents can leave their child and go for shopping which will in turn lead to sales by having child for more hours in shops amp; can be addicted or fascinated to any of the toy Large amp; Growing Population (Market Size data to found out) – Age group between 0-8 years Maximum Loyalty towards shop Demonstration Effect Higher Margins due to large imports from China, Hong Kong amp; other countries Wide range of products to choose Fewer bargains for the products Increase in disposable income of middle class Weakness Emotional attachment towards toy which leads to non repetitive buying Price sensitivity market Safety Issue in terms of lead contain, sharpness of toys etc Individual toy have shorter life cycle amp; consumer taste changes rapidly Opportunity Untapped organized sector which consists of only 10% of total toy industry. Better support from government Demand for Educational toy in the market Threats Due to large expansion of Mall Culture, there is increase in competition from the players Big Fish with deep pockets will able to sell products at competitive price (Entry of global brands) Marketing Mix The marketing mix is often summarized as the four P’s – Product, Price, Place and Promotion. Product The type of product that would be placed in the store will be dependent on the age group. During the initial period the store would cater to age group of from the day child is born to 8 years. The later as the store expands and capital is generated the store would cater to toys catering to people with age more than 8 years and toys for adult. The product that will be defined within age group is as follows 0-24 months: Teethers, squeaks, Tomy, balls, soft toys, baby education toys and others. Photos of some of products are given below. 2 years to 4 years: puzzles, cars, Helicopters Photos of some of products are shown below 4years to 6 years: Magic tricks, electronic cars and helicopters, electronic gadgets and toys of film stars and other famous personality, famous cartoon character, Barbie amp; others. Photos of some of products are shown below: 6years to 8 years: Tricycles, Bicycles, and other ride on toys. Apart from that the musical toys and electrical operated toys will also be placed in the shelves 8 years to 10 years: Board room games, chess and other family games would be the major attraction The stuffed toys and Plush toys would be all time major attraction towards the customers. The above mentioned is only a part of whole list of offerings offered by the store. The main unique selling proposition would be the Indian touch in toys. We will also try to procure the toys of famous personalities –all time legends like Shahrukh Khan from film industry, Dhirubhai Ambani from business,  Narayan Karthikeyan from F1 racing like all the famous personalities in their respective fields will be incorporated as toys. The toys projected in any of Bollywood and Hollywood industry will also be major attraction for the customers. We will try to innovate and help suppliers to also make customized product if possible and thereby increasing the revenues. The key to business will be continuous innovation in all product ranges. Price: The price of the product sell in the shop will depend on the sourcing and also the total cost of procurement. In the initial years of opening of shop we will not be having competitive pricing but the prices would be at par with other competitors in the market. After years of experience in the business and due to strong hold with the suppliers, we will be having a bargaining power with the suppliers and will try to sell product at lower prices compared to competitor. We will be having Lowest Prices in the Town in one of product everyday to attract as many customers as possible. Moreover the product would be selling at par with our costing, so we won’t be able to generate from the product sold at lowest prices. The whole list of prices with the name of the product is attached in the annexure 8. Place: The majority of the product would be procured from China and also some of the product would be procured from India itself. The main source from India would be Chennai, Noida and Mumbai. The sourcing from China would be in terms of imports via sea route. The cost of procuring of the product is already been included in the financials. The time for procurement of goods would be taking near around 28 days from the day of placing of order from China and the procurement from Chennai or Noida will take maximum four days and from Mumbai it would take one day lead time. The toys would be stock in the store itself; there won’t be any special storage place or another location of the toys. The toys would be readily available to the customers on demand if stock is available. Promotion: The less effort would be required in terms of promotion as the store will be located in Thane East But still promotion will be required to create a buzz in the city which would be carried out be two means. 1) Print Ads in local newspaper. As maximum people in Maharashtra are habituated of reading of local newspaper, so the ads would be given in local newspaper on repetitive basis. The ads will also be given in other non local newspaper but frequency of ads would differ in both the cases. 2) Advertisement would be carried out in radio stations. Continuous announcement would be given in all leading radio stations like Radio Mirchi and Big FM. ) Distributions of pamphlets would also be one of the marketing strategies for carrying out promotion. As in the initial period it is not possible to be present in all the malls, so distribution of pamphlets in all the malls will be carried out on weekly basis. 4) All this promotion will in turn lead to Word of mouth marketing 5) In later stages o f business the viral marketing will also be carried out. OPERATION PLAN Location The location selected for opening an outlet is THANE (Maharashtra). Thane is the largest city in the state of Maharashtra and the The city is witnessing a major construction boom and population increase. A rising centre of education, information technology and scientific industries, Thane remains the cultural and commercial heart of Maharashtra, and much of western India. The main reason behind selection of this city is the city is developing stage amp; we witness tremendous opportunity in the coming years. The real estate boom will be going to come in the city so we don’t won’t to miss the opportunity to be there within couple of years. The reason for selection of the city is its proximity to MUMBAI. The proximity to the city will help in reducing the transportation cost and increasing overall efficiency and savings in operations. Type of Building The location of the shop would be in the shop in Thane (East). Amount of Space The amount of space needed would be around 2000 sq feet of area which would be more or less compared to any retail chains. The amount of space needed would be targeted in malls in the basement near around the entry of Reliance and Big Bazaar shops. We targeted the basement due to its cost effectiveness. The shop would be lease for 5 year period for the initial purpose and then if needed would be bought out. The general lease rental of the area in Thane (East) is around Rs. 30000 per month. Other Details The business hours of the shop would last from 10am to 10pm as major. We see the timings to be getting extended at weekends. Moreover the timing would be subjected to the change. Lead Time The main source of supplier would be from the Shantou in China and from Shanghai in China. The other supplier from India would be the Hanung toys in Noida, Mattel Inc. in Chennai and also the Funskool India Ltd in Chennai. The cost of transport of freight from China to India ranges from 428 USD to 600 USD depending on the date of ordering. The other cost of transportation from Mumbai to Thane would be around 2000 INR. The cost of procurement of consignment from Mumbai to Thane would be is 3000INR and from Delhi/Noida it is around 8000 INR. So the lead time if calculated to import from toys from China would be around one month and from procurement from India only it would take around one week from farthest place i. e. Chennai in India for procurement of toys. Sales Estimation Due to prime location of the shop in the malls we expect the sales to be reaching high in the weekends and also in the festivals. This figure comes from the fact that out of 15000 people visiting Thane East daily on an average, around 82% are parents and remaining are youth. So out of 82% of total population we average that around 35% of parents would be with child who comes for the shopping. As mentioned that we shall be a unique adventure in the shop as a playing area specially allotted for the kids to play with the toys which ever they want out of majority of samples placed in playing area. The other advantage is that the child would be taken care of specially trained employees and all this package would come for free. We expect the shopping time taken by any parents would be around 1 hour. So we provide facility for parents to leave their child to play in the shop and if they want they can buy the toy. We rely on the fact provided by the doctors that one hour is enough for a child up to 6 years to get addicted with the toy. Hence as a child gets addicted to play with the toy, they would force parents for purchase of same toy. We only expect 75 customers to get converted out of minimum 1500 people visiting per hour (which is around just 5% of total customers visited in the mall. ) The other occasion for increase in the sales would be the festivals and also the Valentine’s Day for the youth. The shop target customer is up to 14 years but due to presence of Splush toys and also teddies and fur toys which stand attraction for the youth, so we expect the sales to increase in valentine day. Personnel In order to manage the day to day operations we along with three partners have decided to keep the following personnel for smooth operations. In order to reduce our fixed expenses we have restricted ourselves to six employees in the initial three months of our operations. However with time and requirement we shall keep increasing the strength. Number of employees: * Store Facilitators-02 Store Manager-01 * Housekeeper-01 Financial Details Projected start up cost Projected start up cost| | Security Deposits Monthly RentSalary to StaffPurchase of ToysFurniture and StationaryReserved| 100000 30000 20000250000 50000 50000| Total Start Up Cost| 500000| Sources of Fund 50% fund from Partners50 % fund from State Bank of India| 250000250000| Total Fund Raised| 500000| Projected Balance Sheet Liabilities| Rs. | Assets| Rs. | Capital| 500000| Furniture ComputerStockCash DepositeCurrent assets| 50000 20000250000 50000100000 30000| Total | 500000| Total| 500000|

Venus Essay Research Paper Venus the jewel free essay sample

Venus Essay, Research Paper Venus, the gem of the sky, was one time know by ancient uranologists as the forenoon star and flushing star. Early uranologists one time thought Venus to be two separate organic structures. Venus, which is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, is veiled by midst twirling cloud screen. Astronomers refer to Venus as Earth # 8217 ; s sister planet. Both are similar in size, mass, denseness and volume. Both formed about the same clip and condensed out of the same nebula. However, during the last few old ages scientists have found that the affinity ends here. Venus is really different from the Earth. It has no oceans and is surrounded by a heavy ambiance composed chiefly of C dioxide with virtually no H2O vapour. Its clouds are composed of sulphuric acerb droplets. At the surface, the atmospheric force per unit area is 92 times that of the Earth # 8217 ; s at sea-level. We will write a custom essay sample on Venus Essay Research Paper Venus the jewel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Venus is scorched with a surface temperature of about 482? C ( 900? F ) . This high temperature is chiefly due to a runaway nursery consequence caused by the heavy ambiance of C dioxide. Sunlight base on ballss through the ambiance to heat the surface of the planet. Heat is radiated out, but is trapped by the dense atmosphere and non allowed to get away into infinite. This makes Venus hotter than Mercury. A Venusian twenty-four hours is 243 Earth yearss and is longer than its twelvemonth of 225 yearss. Curiously, Venus rotates from E to west. To an observer on Venus, the Sun would lift in the West and set in the E. Until merely late, Venus # 8217 ; heavy cloud screen has prevented scientists from bring outing the geological nature of the surface. Developments in radio detection and ranging telescopes and radio detection and ranging imaging systems revolving the planet have made it possible to see through the cloud deck to the surface below. Four of the most successful missions in uncovering the Venusian surface are NASA # 8217 ; s Pioneer Venus mission ( 1978 ) , the Soviet Union # 8217 ; s Venera 15 and 16 missions ( 1983-1984 ) , and NASA # 8217 ; s Magellan radar mapping mission ( 1990-1994 ) . As these ballistic capsule began mapping the planet a new image of Venus emerged. Venus # 8217 ; surface is comparatively immature geologically talking. It appears to hold been wholly resurfaced 300 to 500 million yea R ago. Scientists debate how and why this occurred. The Venusian topography consists of huge fields covered by lava flows and mountain or upland parts deformed by geological activity. Maxwell Montes in Ishtar Terra is the highest extremum on Venus. The Aphrodite Terra highlands extend about half manner around the equator. Magellan images of upland parts above 2.5 kilometres ( 1.5 stat mis ) are remarkably bright, characteristic of damp dirt. However, liquid H2O does non be on the surface and can non account for the bright Highlandss. One theory suggests that the bright stuff might be composed of metallic compounds. Surveies have shown the stuff might be iron fools gold ( besides know as # 8220 ; saps gold # 8221 ; ) . It is unstable on the fields but would be stable in the Highlandss. The stuff could besides be some type of alien stuff which would give the same consequences but at lower concentrations. Venus is scarred by legion impact craters distrubuted indiscriminately over its surface. Small craters less that 2 kilometres ( 1.2 stat mis ) are about non-existent due to the heavy Venusian ambiance. The exclusion occurs when big meteorites shatter merely before impact, making crater bunchs. Vents and volcanic characteristics are even more legion. At least 85 % of the Venusian surface is covered with volcanic stone. Hugh lava flows, widening for 100s of kilometres, have flooded the Lowlandss making huge fields. More than 100,000 little shield vents dot the surface along with 100s of big vents. Flows from vents have produced long sinuate channels widening for 100s of kilometres, with one widening about 7,000 kilometres ( 4,300 stat mis ) . Elephantine calderas more than 100 kilometres ( 62 stat mis ) in diameter are found on Venus. Terrestrial calderas are normally merely several kilometres in diameter. Several characteristics alone to Venus include aureole and arachnoids. Coronae are big round to ellipse characteristics, encircled with drops and are 100s of kilometres across. They are thought to be the surface look of mantle upwelling. Archnoids are round to elongated characteristics similar to coronae. They may hold been caused by molten stone oozing into surface breaks and bring forthing systems of radiating butchs and breaks.

Construction Industry Book Example

Construction Industry Book Example Construction Industry Book – Article Example Construction Industry Book Construction Industry Book Purpose Gary Santorella intended to examine thoroughly the usage of Lean programs in the construction sector (Santorella, 2010). This examination entailed tackling employee challenges in terms of performance and wastes by using behavioral psychology ideologies at both deliberate and tactical levels. Santorella also wanted to draw a link between their ways construction experts serve as leaders and their ways their mindsets and behavior influence performance and waste on a daily basis (Santorella, 2010). The book intends to enlarge the idea of morals past the simple litmus assessment of good and bad. The author believes this purpose should enable group leaders to undertake formal and subtle mindsets and behaviors toward the application of the Lean enhancements.Opinion I think the book is a decent introduction to the Lean philosophy in an industrial setting. The book can assist a construction company to function as a group rather tha n competing members. This way, the organization can raise its output significantly simply by concentrating on processing data and using resources more proficiently. I will look forward to developing and strengthening a construction project within several weeks. I think this book would enable me to enforce the Lean culture in my group. It is important for construction project participants to be hands-on and straightforward. I can use the cases and narration is present in the book to emphasize chief points and concepts about being practical and straightforward to my project group. As a result, I should avoid poorly designed organizational constructs, ambiguous roles and duties, and unsettled interpersonal disputes.ReferencesSantorella, G. (2010). Lean Culture for the Construction Industry: Building Responsible and Committed Project Teams. Los Angeles, CA: Productivity Press.

Analysis Of Athena In The Odyssey English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Athena In The Odyssey English Literature Essay After ten years, the Trojan War is over and the Achaeans head home. Some heroes of the war, like Nestor, come home quickly to find things pretty much as they left them. Others, like Agamemnon, arrive home to find things considerably changed. Still others, like Menelaus, wander around for a time but eventually return home safely. Odysseus, on the other hand, has been having no end of trouble getting home. As the story opens, we find ourselves in the tenth year since the end of the war, a full 20 years since Odysseus first left his home and wife Penelope to sail off for Troy with the rest of the Achaean forces. Since then Telemachus, the son of Odysseus has grown up without a father wondering if he will ever come home. Imagine, if you will, that you are in a world that is not of your own. Hear you can walk freely in any form you want. Every word you speak and every action you take can affect the lives of millions and cost them everything. But if you can bring those people together, an d engage them in the test of their lives you would have been the savior and protector of those people. This is the role of Athena in Homer’s epic â€Å"The Odyssey†. In this essay I will analyze Athena’s major role of protection and guidance throughout the epic, and how her use of disguise and transformation affects their motivation and choices in the epic poem. Athena the goddess of wisdom and strategy, a shape shifter of many forms, and daughter of Mà ©tis and Zeus, plays as significant role throughout â€Å"The Odyssey. While she does occasionally judge human actions, the dominant role she plays is to offer challenge and protection to both Odysseus and Telemachus. The goddess Athena becomes their chief protector, and she is seldom far away from Odysseus or his son. Throughout the epic Athena instills confidence into Telemachus and aids him in his travels and journey into manhood. She continually helps Odysseus, giving him advice and practical assistance. At hena’s role is not just that of helping Odysseus and Telemachus; she also helps in their development as characters, teaching them patience, humility, and restraint. From her first act of assistance to her final peacemaking, she is largely responsible for the development and conclusion of the plot. Telemachus’ daydreams before meeting Athena for the first time: â€Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦sitting among the suitors, heart obsessed with grief. He could almost see his magnificent father, hereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (B1:L134-136). Growing up without his father Odysseus, the only knowledge Telemachus knows of him are only the stories told to him by his consorts. With all the suitors roaming freely through the great halls of his father’s palace, chasing after his mother Penelope’s hand in marriage, Prince Telemachus is left hopeless to stop them. Athena uses her great skills of strategy and wisdom to quickly find a way to inspire our hero Telemachus to journey to find his father. She shape shifts into Odysseus’ old friend Mentes, and predicts that Odysseus is still alive and that he will soon return to Ithaca.†Take my words to heart. At daybreak summon the islands lords to full assembly, give your orders to all and call the gods to witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ sail in quest of news of your long- lost father,† Athena declared (B1:L315-325). With these words of encouragement, Athena uses her disguise to influence the prince to find his father. If it not for Athena, Telemachus might have taken his father for dead and encouraged his mother to marry one of her suitors.  The journey is also important because the journey of Telemachus plays an important part of him becoming a man on his own.

Comparison and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison and Contrast - Essay Example story, The Yellow Wallpaper, written in 1899, chronicles the physically isolated life of a young woman suffering what was probably post partum depression while Willa Cather’s story Paul’s Case, written in 1905, describes the social isolation of a young man who dreams of the theatre, yet each character experiences a similar loss of reality, or perhaps perceives a deeper glimpse of reality, as a result. In Gilman’s short story, a woman slowly loses her sanity as a result of her inability to conform to societal norms. In the story, an unnamed woman and her family take up residence in a remote mansion as a means of giving her the rest her husband has prescribed for her. The woman takes up residence in an upper room of the house, thought to have originally been a nursery, with bars on the windows and old faded yellow wallpaper attached to the walls. This wallpaper plays a large role in the progression of the woman’s illness as she begins to see women creeping around inside it, trying to escape the oppression they, too, have experienced. â€Å"Sometimes I think there are a great many women behind. And she is all the time trying to climb through. But nobody could climb through that pattern – it strangles so; I think that is why it has so many heads† (Gilman, 1899). She is either going crazy because of her extreme boredom or she is seeing a deeper reality in t he concept of the trapped woman suffering at the definitions placed upon her by others. Through the course of the story, the woman transforms from an individual who adores the outside and green growing things to the artificial creation of man as it is represented in the impenetrable confines of the room. In the end, she chooses to join the other world she sees, effectively becoming insane in this one. This is similar to the action Paul takes in Willa Cather’s story. From the beginning, the reader is led to see the ways in which Paul views the world differently from those around him. He creates

Mareting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mareting - Essay Example In today's business world it has become crucial for the management to be very keen when pricing of products and services. In pricing a firm should consider the value perception of the customers that is when attaching a price to a product then that price should reflect the value perception of that product. If a firm set a price that is higher than the value of a product; then that means, the demand for that product will go down which consequently will lead to decline in the volume of sales. If this happens then the contribution (sales less variable costs) and the gross margin of that product will decline leaving that firm lesser gross and net profits (Drew 1). Alternatively, if a firm set a price that is less that its value this will lead to high demand since the customers can derive more satisfaction from the product at a lesser cost. When a customer feels satisfied with a given product this will tend to increase his/her expenditure and volumes in that product. The increase in sales of that product may not necessarily lead to increase in the product's contribution or the firm's overall profit since the value of that product is higher than its price (Drew 1). This may lead to a loss in that product and also contribute a loss to a firm's overall profits. ... The price of any product should show a reflection of its value. Every time when a firm is setting a price it should ensure that neither it nor its customers loose from the decision made (Dodd 10). It is of utmost importance for the management or the pricing team to consider both the customer-value perception and therefore, they are responsible for regular and timely review of a firm's products prices and their quality. Comparing a firm's products to other firms trading in similar products in the market which they operate in terms of quality and price is important for that firm if it will remain relevant in the market. The firm should be in a position to differentiate their products from others so that their customers can be in a position to totally distinguish them. This translates to customer loyalty since they will not be faced with confusion due to the products available thereby increasing sales volume and margins of that product. A firm's product that has many substitutes available is at high risk of loosing its market share that is if the firm product doesn't give the much needed satisfaction by the customer in both aspects of quality and price. Therefore, it is imperati ve for a firm to regularly review its products quality by redesigning to avoid being faced out of the market. Further, a firm should always offer competitive prices to its customer in order to compete favorably with other firms' products. But in so doing they should not do it while disregarding the costs involved since after all it will determine their profitability (Dodd 14). Other important internal and external factors affecting a firm's pricing decisions Internal factors (a) Experience curve This is a situation in which the average cost (AC) declines as production of a product

Police and Evidence-based Policing Essay Example for Free

Police and Evidence-based Policing Essay Evidence-Based-Policing Written by Desiree Rosch Instructor Atthur Moghalu Introduction to Criminal Justice Evidence-based policing is a style of policing that uses research to create or change policies to increase effectiveness. Lawrence W Sherman, an academic criminologist, is credited with making the term Evidence-based Policing (EBP) popular. During a lecture Sherman stated, Police practices should be based on scientific evidence about what works best. Starting in the 1960s several organizations were formed to conduct studies on how to better prevent crime and increase the publics confidence in law enforcement. The first of which was the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration created by Congress in 1969. There are many benefits to using an evidence-based policing stance, such as being able to see the actual results of your policies. This enables an agency to make necessary changes to the way they operate inorder to accomplish their missions more effectively, such as changing where and when units patrol certain areas. It also allows them to come up with completely new programs and procedures they may not have developed on their own. The disadvantage of using research to change the way a law enforcement agency operates is that those changes may be expensive to implement. The agency may even find that the way they approach a situation could be completely wrong according to the research. Another problem with an evidence-based policing system is that the results may be accurate for where the study took place, but may not reflect the samedata you would obtain in another area. Things like income, education levels, backgrounds, cultures, etc can influence the effectiveness of procedures based on studies in another location. The Kansas City Experiment in 1974 is the most well known example of studies done on law enforcement. The results of this study were not what researchers were expecting. The agency found that increased patrol units had no effect on either crimes committed or the publics perception of how safe they were. These findings changed the way many agencies allot their patrol units. Another study conducted in Redlands, California was on the procedure of sending a follow up unit to make contact with a domestic violence victim after the initial call.

The Great Gatsby :: English Literature

The Great Gatsby Look closely at the details presented, the snatches of dialogue, and Nick’s comments, in order to explain how Fitzgerald renders this episode in both positive and negative ways. The two-page extract from the Great Gatsby has various themes, motives and symbolism running at its roots. This essay will attempt at deciphering these symbols and clearly expressing their true meaning, as well as the course they help to create in Fitzgerald rendering this episode in both positive and negative ways. Gatsby’s house is compared several times to that of a feudal lord, and his imported clothes, antiques, and luxuries all display nostalgia for the lifestyle of a British aristocrat. Though Nick and Daisy are amazed and dazzled by Gatsby’s splendid possessions, a number of things in Nick’s narrative suggest that something is not right about this transplantation of an aristocrat’s lifestyle into a democratic America. Nick creates, through visual imagery an imaginary representation of Gatsby’s house in his readers. He expresses the beauty embedded in the gardens, â€Å"the sparkling odour of jonquils and the frothy odour of hawton†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (88) the various eras and architectural designs, â€Å"Marie Antoinette music-rooms and Restoration Salons† (88) and lastly the different themes captured by these rooms, â€Å"through period bedrooms swathed in rose and lavender† (88). The point it seems Nick tries to convey is the ridiculousness found within the very structure of Gatsby’s house. Gatsby’s ‘limited’ upbringing clearly represents his inability to string things together, which would make his house classy and reserved. Instead Gatsby combines things of different eras, expressing not his incapability of decorating but rather an attempt in reflecting his wealth through a brash and gaudy structure. Furthermore it is fairly important to consider that out of all the rooms, magnificently decorated and filled with materialism, Gatsby’s room, the one in which the most time was to be spent, was the least ‘polluted’ by materialism. â€Å"His bedroom was the simplest room of all†. (88) There also seems to be a sense of not belonging for Gatsby by the introduction of Mr. Klipspringer, suggesting that everything that Gatsby has created serves only one purpose: Daisy. It is fundamental that Mr. Klipspringer’s presence, as well as Nick’s expectations of hidden guests, â€Å"I felt that there were guests concealed behind every couch and table† (88), suggests that the very nature of his home, his very establishment is to house extravagant and careless parties, in which the magnitude of his status and wealth may be exaggerated, in the belief that Daisy may eventually realize his new status and fulfill his lifelong endeavor. Thus far Fitzgerald, through Nick, the only man to pertain to any morals, has created the idea of an unbalanced environment.

Apush Vietnam War Essay

It is obvious that the wars impact the involving powers. The Vietnam War greatly changed America forever. It was the longest war fought in America’s history, lasting from 1955 to 1973. The Vietnam War tarnished America’s self-image by becoming the first time in history the United States failed to accomplish its stated war aims, to preserve a separate, independent, non communist government. The war also had great effects on the American people. It was the first war ever broadcast on television. The public was able to see what happened on the battlefield. One of the chief effects of the war was the division it caused among the people. Americans have never been as divided since the Civil war. This war would have lasting effects on the United States. The Vietnam War took longer than America had expected and its short term failures and the long lasting permanent defeat caused America a great loss of military, loss of human resources and most deadly, the loss of American hope. During the four years it took Nixon to end the war, he expanded the conflict into Cambodia and Laos and launched a massive bombing campaign; although many legislators criticized the war, the Congress never denied the funds to fight on the foreign land. For instance, General Fred, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, wrote a Memorandum to the President Ford, which stated, â€Å"We went to Vietnam in the first place to assist the South Vietnamese people–not to defeat the North Vietnamese. We reached out our hand to the South Vietnamese people, and they took it. Even though America tried to help, Vietnam was the land of its people, so they knew their land way better than Americans. Additionally, a reaction to the U. S. Peace moves in Vietnam voiced, â€Å"Indian reactions to the late March, 1968, U. S. peace efforts in Vietnam are somewhat mixed. About four out of ten literates agreed that the U. S. was sincerely trying to end the war, while nearly a third had reservations about the American intent. † Americans started having mixed feelings about the war. Many wanted the war to end and some felt like it wasn’t worth fighting for. The critical turning point came with the Tet Offensive, which began on January 30, 1968 when the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong attacked the key cities and every major American base in South Vietnam. The Tet Offensive underscored the credibility gap between the official statements and the war’s actual progress. On May 1, 1975, the North Vietnamese occupied Saigon and Americans evacuated with 150,000 of their South Vietnamese allies. After all the wars that came before this one, America have always had a stand as the world power, and with that, they believed they could win any war. Johnson faced a dilemma in Vietnam: his predecessors had made a commitment to stop the Communism there and the American public also seemed willing to follow his leadership, but some of his advisers cautioned him against the continued American involvement. Some critics of the war advised the administration to pursue a face-saving way out of Vietnam but Johnson continued to dispatch more advisers, weapons, and economic aid. In 1964 president Johnson, believing that the American credibility was on the line, seized the opportunity to increase the pressure on North Vietnam. However with that in mind, at home, the people were doubting Johnson’s decisions and many totally condemned it. For example, Ronald Ridenhour, a veteran who survived the My Lai Massacre reported to The New York Times, â€Å"It would show the American people and their Government that the policies of force abroad and deception at home were not only antithetical to the principles of a democratic society but low, mean, stupid, brutal and self-destructive as well. † He desired to have the government system to more organize and to follow through with their words. Unlike Johnson, Nixon had a different approach towards the war. Working with Henry Kissinger, his national security assistant and key foreign policy advisor, Nixon exploited the deterioration of Soviet-Chinese relations which began in the early 1960s. After two years of secret negotiations, in February 1972, Nixon became the nation’s first president to set foot on Chinese soil; although the act was largely symbolic, cultural and scientific exchanges followed. As Nixon and Henry Kissinger hoped, the warning of U. S. -Chinese relations increased Soviet responsiveness to their strategy of detente. In Vietnam and elsewhere, Nixon and Kissinger continued to equate the Marxism with a threat to American interests and actively resisted the social revolutions that might lead to the Communism. Jane Fonda in a broadcast at Hanoi, stated, â€Å"One thing that I have learned beyond a shadow of a doubt since I’ve been in this country is that Nixon will never be able to break the spirit of these people; he’ll never be able to turn Vietnam, north and south, into a neo-colony of the United States by bombing, by invading, by attacking in any way. She believed that fighting won’t settle down any problems related with the war ,instead it will just be a waste of time. In the April of 1972, Congress was getting more concerned about abuses of Presidential power day by day; the Senate voted to terminate the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution but the House did not go along. Consequently, Nixon pulled the U. S. soldiers out of Cambodia. When drafted into the war, American soldiers had no idea about how long the war would last, but some of them entered into the war with pride, because they had the notion of fighting on foreign land for their homeland. Little did they know that it will change their lives forever. By observing the photos of wounded marines, it becomes evident that if they were badly injured, they could not return to the war and was sent home. After the war had ended, all the veterans were damaged; physically or mentally. The veterans generally expressed two kinds of reactions to the defeat. For instance, Mr. Ron Ridenhour, who witnessed the undeniable situation of the My Lai Massacre expressed,â€Å"I must take some positive action on this matter. I hope that you will launch an investigation immediately and keep me informed of your progress. † He asked the government to bring the incident into the light. He believed that there should be a reasonable explanation for what happened in My Lai, a suspicious incident. Similar to Mr. Ron Ridenhour, many others regarded the commitment as an honorable one and felt betrayed by the U. S. government for not letting them and their now-dead comrades win the war; others blamed the government for sacrificing the lives of the American youth in an immoral or useless war. Because the Vietnam War was in large part a civil, guerrilla war, combat was remarkably brutal. The Veterans Administration (VA) estimated that nearly one-sixth of the three million veterans suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. Thus it can be said that the U. S. entered a war for which they had no idea about how to end it. This is valid to say that the technological United States failed in front of united human power. The Vietnam war has mpacted America’s point of view and perspective of its people due to the war being a failure. Delusioned by the thoughts of having victory in every war, and then suddenly not being able to stop the spread of communism within a country abroad, and lastly, the voice of the American people which did support the war; the Vietnam war has changed America by uplifting the absolute trust of the American public on the American Government, American Military and the American leadership.

Profiling of Street Crime in Philippines Essay

Introduction Street crime is – criminal activity that happens in a public place usually in a town or city, for example stealing people’s personal possessions or snatching, vandalisms, theft, physical injury and extortion. Street Crimes are usually committed in outdoors and it can be happen in strange or to an unfamiliar places. It can even take place to your own community. Street Crimes can be done in many different forms such as pick-pocketing, bag, necklaces, earrings and gadget snatching, car theft, motorcycle theft and even hit and run and many other related criminal acts that takes place within a street. (http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/buhay-pinoy/buhay-pinoy-features/15180-how-to-protect-yourself-from-street-crimes.html). These Street crimes are very wide spread in the area of responsibility in of DV-Soria, police community precinct 01. Criminals usually choose to commit these crimes in a specific places and specific times to attack their victims. Does the street crime only exist in the night time? Or, does the street crime is rampant in day time? Who are the usual victims of street crimes? Male or Female ? Young or adults ? These questions will be answered by means of this study. Actually, the researcher was a victim of this street crime. Way back then, when he was in high school his class schedule ends at night time and he could still remember the time when he was walking alone along the Velez St. heading home to Capt. Vicente Roa St., there was a group of people who blocked his way and threatened him while asking a big amount of money, but he have nothing to do but to give what he has. Being a victim of Street Crimes is not a good experience, at first it could leave a trauma to the victim such as being afraid to walk alone in the evening especially if there is a group of people gathering to a particular area. Everyone could be a victim of Street Crimes especially all of us go out to our houses. The researcher decided to pursue the study of street crimes received in police station 01 because it was introduced by his instructor and he wanted to know how it contributes outcome in our community in terms of the percentage of crime volume. The Community Precinct 01 was placed in the heart of the city along Abejuela /T. Neri /Burgos Sts, Cagayan de Oro city. Station is one of the very high populated areas in Cagayan de Oro because of the affordable items in stores and many other business establishments which bring a large number of people to visit the place. The Police Station No.01 (PS 01), formerly Operation Kahusay ug Kalinaw (OKK), is located at the heart of the city along Abejuela /T. Neri /Burgos Sts., this city, with the boundaries from North – Barangay 17 and 18, South – Barangay 01, West – Carmen River and East – Barangay 03. PS 01 composed of Twenty (20) Urban Barangays from 01 to 20 with a total land area of ninety three point seven hundred twenty five (93.725) hectares. Based on present statistics, it is inhabited by more or less 18,446 inhabitants. Vital installations located in the Area Of Responsibility (AOR), Twenty Nine (29) commercial establishment and Four (04) government banks, Three (03) churches, Fifteen (15) government offices, One (01) water reservoir, One (01) mall, Three (03) communication towers and Four (04) private hospitals.. In the Independent Variables of this study includes the: Classification of Street Crimes Theft / pick pocketing: Is an act where any person taking the property belonging to another person without force or violence. Any person who steals objects or items from the pocket or shoulder-bags of the other person in a public places or of any establishments along the street. Physical Injury: is an act of any person inflecting pain, damage, harm or hurt to another person. Robbery / Extortion: The act of securing, seeking, money or favors by means of threat, blackmail or intimidation. Hit & Run: It involved in or denoting a motor-vehicle accident in which the driver leaves the scene without stopping and give assistance to the harmed or injured person, or give information to the police. Vandalism: Is an act of a certain person writing the wall or any part of the establishment by use of paint, coal, of any forms of writing instrument by destruction. In the dependent variables of this study includes the: profiles of street crime victims Profile of Victims: refers to the profile of any person or individual being injured, extorted, snatched, pick-pocketed, and more being stated in the independent variables. Age of the Victim: Refers to the age of the victim during the incident, if the common victims are children, teenagers, adult or even old. Gender of the Victim: corresponds to the sex of any person and which is integrated in this study to see the usual victims of street crimes. MALE: refers to a boy [Masculine] FEMALE: refers to a girl [Feminine] Time of Incident: refers to the time when crime was committed if it is dawn, morning, noon, afternoon, evening and midnight, it is being included to this study to discover what time usually a certain street crime will occur. Date of Incident: Refers to the month of the incident when crime was being committed, and it is included in this study to determine what month, a certain street crime will be having a large number of existence. Location of Incident: Refers to the Address or place were the crime was committed, and it is included in this study to identify which place of the community precinct 02 area of responsibility crime was much uncontrolled. Statement of the problem This research studied the classification of street crimes from January to December in the year 2011. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions. 1.What is the most extensive street crime in the area of responsibility in Police Station 02 in the year of 2011 and 2012. a.Theft / Pick Pocketing b.Physical Injury c.Robbery / Extortion d.Hit & Run e.Vandalism 2.What is the profile of victims in each street crimes in terms of a.Age of the Victim b.Gender of the Victim c.Time of Incident d.Date of Incident e.Location of Incident Significance of this study The objective of this study is to collect information or data on the classification of street crimes received in police station 02 in the year 2012 and to be a reference of the for future researcher for related studies and compare the volume of street crimes before and nowadays in the record of police stations specifically in station 02, next is to present to the community precinct 02 the exact place and time were a certain crime is over exceeding. PNP Personnel, this study will serve as the basic guidelines of the police personnel to perform their job well and to be more alert to a certain area in a certain time; it will also help them to make plans for their future action in preventing the occurrence of the street crimes. To Community, On the other hand the police community relation could disseminate the information to its community and make the civilians aware to the existence of such street crime existing to a specific area and time, and to avoid being a victim of it. Barangay Officials, the local government unit will also be alert and Should deploy barangay police to a specific place where a high incidence of street crime is existing in order to maintain the peace and order and prevent those criminal minds in committing such street.

200 Powerful Marketing Interview Questions to Hire the Best Team

200 Powerful Marketing Interview Questions to Hire the Best Team Building a strong marketing team isn’t easy. There are tons of companies competing for top talent, and it’s tough to find (and retain) the best fits for your organization. In fact, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the industry is projected to experience 10% hiring growth by 2026  (which is faster than average). Plus, the cost of mis-hiring can be high; according to MP Squared, â€Å"a mis-hire costs more than 5 times the candidate’s salary.† Those kinds of stakes are not a joke. From recruiting to interviewing to onboarding, getting the right people onto the right spots in your marketing department  is a long process. A key part of sorting out marketing candidates starts with asking the right interview questions. In this post, you’ll find a total of 165 things to ask interviewees across all different types of roles, to help you figure out what makes a candidate tick and determine whether they’re right for your business. This is useful stuff for the following folks: Marketing Managers: Especially if you’re new to hiring and team-building. HR Professionals: If you’re not marketing savvy, use this guide to move past generic interview questions. Job Hunters: Consider this guide a cheat sheet to what you might encounter. It’s time to get started. Table of Contents: Keeping Organized With Bonus Questions + Interview Scorecard Interviewing Tips General Marketing Interview Questions Marketing Manager / Director Questions Marketing Intern Questions Entry Level Interview Questions Copywriter Interview Questions Product Marketing Interview Questions PR Interview Questions Graphic Designer Interview Questions Social Media Marketing Interview Questions Content Strategist Interview Questions Marketing Analyst Interview Questions SEO Interview Questions Assessing an Interviees Responses

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 25

Case Study - Essay Example angement where a business organization dedicates to paying health insurance premiums for their workers so that in case of any emergency arising from work activities, they are well taken catered for (Hunnicutt 2010). In planning for health care benefits in an organization, there has to be careful attention on the way the plan is created so that it caters for all workers incommensurate to the company management structures and functions of all its workers. This means that the company does not have to create health care insurance plans that lead to division among the workers. Southern California Grocery has been facing huge challenges in executing its health care pal for its staff. However, a plan to consider some ways of reducing the health insurance costs for the company can be helpful in cutting down its spending in health insurance for two sets of workers. To reduce some of these costs, first, the company should consider establishing various wellness programs. The advantage with these programs is that they influence worker’s lifestyle changes that results in reduced costs for health care. Wellness programs enable workers to participate in their healthy lifestyle; this includes education in ways of preventing certain diseases and illnesses (Dubois 2006). Wellness programs enable employees to make good choices concerning their lifestyle and how those particular lifestyle patterns affect their lives. The second activity that can reduce its health care costs is doing a health assessment; health insurance census ensures employers pay reduced costs for their employees, after an assessment of their health status. This will be an essential process since the grocery may end up harmonizing the rates of heath care insurance to all its employees. Thirdly, the grocery should consider establishing a cost sharing agreement in the payment of the health insurance costs. They grocery should recommend a certain percentage of the costs to be met with its workers, while it honors

Audit risk analysis of a company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Audit risk analysis of a company - Essay Example This is mainly due to an increase in taxes paid by the company. The Group might have been induced to manipulate the taxes because previous tax losses available for claim might be expiring this year. Exceptional items were more than the current year in the previous year, yet there was no taxation charge in the previous year (Scapa Group, 2013a). The calculation of the tax over the exceptional items has to be checked in detail. The operating profits increased by 14 % and the tax charge on them increased by 32%. The application of the new (changed) tax rate over the profits has to be reviewed. Classification of the exceptional items is also of high risk. The rationale for such classification of exceptional items has to be inquired for. Scapa has disposed off one of its subsidiaries and faced pressures from European side (Scapa Group, 2013b). In order to present a better picture, Scapa might have engaged in showing a better Trading profit to Revenue ratio. This ratio is 6.5%, which is 1.1% better than the previous year ratio. Had exceptional items been included in trading profit, the ratio would have come down to 6% showing just 0.5 % improvements with respect to previous year ratio. Other Receivables have decreased by 98.5 % from $19.6 mn to $0.3 mn. This variation is mainly because of the re-classification of the assets of the Georgia subsidiary (Scapa Group, 2013c). This amount pertained to the insurance claim. The status of the claim and its valuation is a critical matter. It might be possible that a claim might have decreased, but it is transferred at the amount of the opening balance. Moreover, this liability is discounted at risk free interest rate of 3.35% (Scapa Group, 2013d). The assumption on the basis of which this rate is taken has to be reviewed. Change in rate may change the valuation of the insurance claim. Secondly, the discounted asset has not been unwound by the

IB English A1 Higher Level Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IB English A1 Higher Level - Essay Example The phrase appears in a speech from Creon, the King of the play and the man that wields the most power. He is attempting, by one means or another, to win over his son Haemon to his point of view regarding the burial of the corpse. Essentially, he also wishes him to accept a very straight-forward, but, as shall be seen, rather contradictory view of the nature of political authority. Creon states that â€Å"I must keep my kin in line, Otherwise folks outside the family will run wild.† Creon is the titular head of his family and so appeals to the fact that he must keep in his family in order for the city as a whole to follow suit. He then states that he will give â€Å"nothing but contempt† from someone who breaks the law and/or tells his masters what to do. But we soon he states an all-important â€Å"but†: Morality and virtue, the â€Å"right† and the â€Å"wrong† are less important to Creon than the absolute obedience to legitimate political authority. Indeed, political authority seems to trump any other concerns. He does not just state this opinion in isolation, he goes on to give an explanation for why this system is good not only for the ruler, but for the city as a whole: Creon’s rather tenuous theory of political authority argues that first, a ruler’s orders should be obeyed without question. Second, that if those orders are obeyed without question he will willingly give up power to another and then be â€Å"cheerfully ruled† and third that the whole city will essentially be one of order and discipline. Absolute rulers do not tend to give up authority without a fight or, in a hereditary type of system, before their deaths. The old adage that power corrupts and that absolute power corrupts absolutely seems to be conveniently avoided by Creon who, with his experience of power, and knowledge of his family history, should know better. Creon essentially sets up a Cartesian world in which a leader is either obeyed (leading to a perfect society) or

How Various Cultural Differences May Affect the Success of Essay

How Various Cultural Differences May Affect the Success of International Business Negotiations - Essay Example In order to understand this aspect more closely, the meaning of the term negotiation has to be understood in an appropriate manner as applicable in international business. The origin of the word negotiation goes back to the Roman word ‘negotiari’, which implies continuing business (Hendon and Herbig, 1996, p.1). As a matter of fact, the word negotiation has a multi-layered structure wherein the common interests and conflicts of business organizations are to be managed for obtaining a favorable situation. How Does Culture affect Business Deals? Thus, an effective business can be compared with a fruit bearing tree and lack of communication suddenly leads to a situation in which this tree stops bearing fruits any longer. In short, communication is a significant part of successful business negotiations. The question that can be raised here is whether culture can be a possible impediment in the way of a successful business? A majority of people are sensitive about their belie fs, values, experiences and knowledge all of which constitute their culture. Therefore, there is a distinct flavor about the culture of different nations.(Silkenat, Aresty and Klosek, 2009, p.48) Arousal of Conflicts during Business Negotiations In fact, the following points establish clearly how conflicts may arise in business negotiations owing to cultural differences (Hendon and Herbig, 1996, p.2): The core of a disagreement primarily erupts due to differences in requirements. Thus, a business might fail to proceed as one of the negotiators may not prefer the opinion of the other side. The misfortune here is that there are no laws or rules for arriving at a consensus in business negotiations until one of the parties agree to change their opinion and break the barriers for better business prospects. Regardless of differences, both parties in a business avoid engaging in a direct business duel and instead prefer to keep quiet for future references. Broadly speaking, the world of bu siness is filled with ironies and the worst of enemies often unite for common benefits. The crux of the matter is that in a successful business negotiation, it is important for both parties to propel each other towards a conclusion. Since, the process involves skilful communications; cultural barriers emerge as an evil particularly when one party tries to establish supremacy over the other. Such challenges inhibit the business process to a great extent, raising its ugly head in the form of traditions and beliefs (Gannon, 2009, p.xiv ) Although, cultural hindrances seem tricky initially, they are nothing more than idiosyncrasies that are to be eliminated through proper and careful planning. In other words, a successful business must have the power to mow down the unconventional aspects of a nation that is more popularly referred to as the culture of the people residing in a country (Hendon and Herbig, 1996, p.4) Communication: The Fundamentals of Business Deals Communication is essen tially cultural whether expressions are verbal or non-verbal in nature. China is one of the most forwarding countries conducting extensive business internationally, which is largely due to the reforms and policies. China has vehemently proved that poor communication leads to diminishing efforts for converting a business into a successful deal and eventually weakens the status of a company in the market. It is no wonder that cross-cultural negotiation training enable a company to score over its competitor and

Chinese Values in Entrepreneurial Attitude

Chinese Values in Entrepreneurial Attitude Many countries have indicated successful entrepreneurship as a major component in a healthy market economy and important source of job creation (Hisrich Peter, 1988; Jackson Rodkey, 1994; Jennings, 1994; Kroon, 2002; North, 2002; Timmons, 1994; Van Aadrt Van Aardt, 1997). The presence of entrepreneurial thinking in existing organizations can lead the competitive advantage (Covin and Miles, 1990) and improved financial performance (Goosen, De Coning Smit, 2002) According to the research of Brock and Evans (1986) conclude that small businesses are contributed to the economic development. In Malaysia and many countries, small firms had played an important role for economic development. There has been minimal research conducted to examine why most of the companies that survive, grow and succeed are mostly Chinese owner-managers compared to Malay and Indian owner-managers. Several studies have revealed that Confucian culture has a significant and positive correlation with economic success. These cultural values have significantly influenced the Chinese way of life and personality (Wah, 2002). From the sociological point of view, the family is a basic unit of society for Chinese. In the Chinese Confucianism society, the family is the center of all relationships. Business ownership and management is normally retained within the circle of family members. It is common to find that the Chinese business is normally started by the first generation of the family with the intention to be passed down to the second generation or even third generation. Due to lack of research study on the reason in most of the companies that survive, grow and succeed are mostly Chinese owner-managers. This researches and studies give a way to have a depth understand about the Chinese Value towards Entrepreneurial Attitudes Orientation. 1.3 Research Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the impact on Chinese value towards entrepreneurial attitudes orientation. To address the above mentioned problem the following objectives are derived: 1.3.1 General objective To identify how the four dimension of Chinese value (integration, human heartedness, Confucian work dynamism and moral discipline) determines the entrepreneurial attitudes orientation in Malaysia. 1.3.2 Specific objective To examine whether there is a significant relationship between integration and entrepreneurial attitude orientation. To examine whether there is a significant relationship between human heartedness and entrepreneurial attitude orientation. To examine whether there is a significant relationship between Confucian work dynamism and entrepreneurial attitude orientation. To examine whether there is a significant relationship between moral discipline and entrepreneurial attitude orientation. To examine whether the Integration, Human heartedness, Confucian work dynamism and Moral discipline is significant explain the variance in Entrepreneurial Attitudes Orientation. 1.4 Research questions Are there any relationship between integration and entrepreneurial attitudes orientation? Are there any relationship between human heartedness and entrepreneurial attitudes orientation? Are there any relationship between Confucian work dynamism and entrepreneurial attitudes orientation? Are there any relationship between moral discipline and entrepreneurial attitudes orientation? Are there Integration, Human heartedness, Confucian work dynamism and Moral discipline can be use to explain the variance in Entrepreneurial Attitudes Orientation. 1.5 Hypothesis of the study H1 : There is a significant relationship between Integration and Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation. H2 : There is a significant relationship between Confusion Work Dynamism and Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation. H3 : There is a significant relationship between Human-heartedness and Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation. H4 : There is a significant relationship between Moral Discipline and Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation. H5 : The independent variables will significantly explain the variance in Entrepreneurial attitudes orientation. 1.6 Significance of the study Nowadays, the role of Chinese entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises has been increasing. Chinese are present in everywhere, businessman in international trade will often find themselves dealing with the Chinese customers. So, a comprehensive understanding of the Chinese value is worthy to all businessman. The importance of this study will explain the development and validation of the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO), based on Chinese Value Survey (CVS) and specifically designed to predict entrepreneurship. The (CVS) are used to access whether an impact towards the entrepreneurs attitude orientation. Despite the importance of small firms in Malaysias economy, there has been minimal research conducted to examine why most of the companies that survive, grow and succeed are mostly Chinese owner-managers as compared to other owner-managers. 1.7 Chapter Layout In this research report, chapter 1 is the introductions that provide an overview on the background of the phenomena that being study. In general, this chapter will provide a clear understanding of the research topic. It introduces the research background, research objectives and significant of study is to explain the importance of the study. Chapter 2 will be the literature review that proposed the theoretical background of the research topic. This could help the researcher to better understanding of the important variables in this research report. It serves as a fundamental of the hypothesis to be tested. Literature review is the based on the empirical research which done by previously by researcher who has studied existing work and the field with insight. Next, is the chapter 3 research methodology that describes the collection method that is suitable for this research report which included the research design, data collection method, sampling design, operational definition of construct measurement scale and the data analysis technique use. By implementing the appropriate sampling method could help to minimize the errors that associated with the research. Following, chapter 4 will present the pattern of the result and the analyses of the result which obtain from the descriptive analyses, reliability test and inferential analyses to examine the reliability and the relationship of the variables. Furthermore, the research result that shows the result of the data analysis figures, chart, table and graph are used to present the findings. The last chapter in this research report would be discussion and conclusion that provides discussion of major findings and recommendations for future research. It will provide a whole summary of the whole research project and limitations that researcher faced during the research process. 1.8 Conclusion Proposed of chapter 1 is act as a foundation for this research project. It form a brief outlines in each chapter presented the chapter. In the following chapter, the variables will be further discussed in depth and the proposed conceptual framework will be illustrated. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction In previous chapter, research problem, research objectives, research questions and hypotheses of the study have been identified. In this chapter 2, provide a literature review which convey the knowledge and ideas that have been established on this research topic and related with the research objectives. It contains the discussions and evaluation of the research topic in this section. Through reviewing the relevant journals, it provides the foundation to develop a good theoretical framework for the research. Besides that, it allows the research project lead to further identified relationship among the dependent variables and the independent variables and hypotheses testing in order to reach the research objectives. 2.1 Review of literature We will adopt attitude theoretical approach (Robinson., P.B., Stimpson, D.V., Huefner, J.C., Hunt, H.K.. 1991a) explaining the development of Chinese entrepreneurs behavior. This is a method of investing entrepreneurial orientated individual. Five important entrepreneurial attitudes were identified from literature, achievement, self-esteem, personal control, innovation and opportunity recognition. This instrument is called Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Scale (EAOS). Besides, we will obtain Chinese Value Survey (CVS) to measure and evaluate cultural values within the setting of a Chinese social value system that is derived from the Confucian ethos. In the CVS consideration is focussed on four dimensions such as Integration, human-heartedness, Confusion work dynamism and moral discipline. 2.2 Review of Relevant Theoretical Model After read through the relevant journals, few theoretical models are being found related to the research regarding Chinese values (CV) and Entrepreneurial attitudes orientation (EAO). 2.2.1 Chinese Culture values and development According to Williams (1968), Rokeach (1973), Rokeach, (1973) and Ball-Rokeach (1989), values provide potentially powerful explanations and influence on human behaviors because they serve as the standards or criteria of conduct tend to be limited in number and are remarkably stable over time (as cited in Fok, V. S. Chong, V.K., 1996). Values establish and reflect expected behaviour and also used to enforce sanctions such as blame and praise as well as social inclusion and exclusion (Anderson, 2000). Based upon psycho-sociological studies on the significance of cultural values as determinants of human behavior, the two things are related to each other (Hofstede, 1980). Hofstede (1991, p.5) describe culture as the collective programming of the mind that differentiates one group from another group. In early, Hofstedes study suggests that his classic model view as a traditional quantitative design with four dimension of culture. There are power distance, individualism-collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity. However, Hofstede added a fifth dimension named long term orientation in year 2001(as cited in Fontaine, R. Richardson, S., 2005). Hofstede and Bond (1988) derived that Confucian dynamism as one of the values that contribute to the economic growth in 22 countries during the period 1965 to 1985. Confucian values towards entrepreneurial development in Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Japan bring the name as four dragons at the same time they hold top five positions in economic growth. Mostly countries are within the Confucian influence circle and their economies have been driven to a large extent by entrepreneurship in the small and medium sized business sectors. Another model act as an improvement on Hofstede classic model (1980) is Schwartzs model (1994). It works out to replace Hofstedes dimension of Individualism by two dimensions (Autonomy versus Conversation and Hierarchy and Mastery at the cultural level). Furthermore, this model used to eliminate validity and reliability limitation on Hofstedes model as it has proved valid and reliable across cultures when research have taken Schwartzs theory and developed a different instrument. Later, Schwartzs SVS act as a measure instrument which comprises 57 values represent ten dimension at the individual level (power, achievement, hedonism, stimulating, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity and security) and seven dimension at the cultural level (embeddedness, hierarchy, mastery, affective autonomy, intellectual autonomy, egalitarianism and harmony)(as cited in Fontaine, R. Richardson, S., 2005). Chinese cultural values are created from interpersonal relationships and social orientations. The works of Confucius is generally regarded as the pillars of Chinese cultural values Yang (1972). There are four major studies about Chinese value orientations and development of measuring scales. First study, Ways to Live Survey designed by Morris (1956) consisting of 13 alternative conceptions which included values advocated and defended in the several ethical and religious systems of human societies. Second study found that the younger generation showed a considerable change different from their parents who pursue on traditional practices, or be influence by friends and change across time. (Lin 1966). Continue study was Chinese Value Survey (CVS) developed by the Chinese Culture Connection (1987). It is an idiographic design which is recognized as more appropriate in cross cultural research and not based on Western social science but used 40-scale items which is the fundamental and basic values for Chinese people. Michael Bond and his colleagues conducted this research aim to develop a new questionnaire with the input from several Chinese social scientists in Hong Kong. CVS consist of four dimensions which are integration, Confucian work dynamism, human-heartedness and moral discipline respectively. This instrument that tapped concerns fundamental to the Chinese world view and identify an additional value indigenous to the Chinese people, which they termed Confucian work dynamism as the principle attributes reflect the teachings of Confucius and the social continuity of an extant civilization of over 2,500 years(as cited in Steven Ward, 2002). Latest study on Chinese values orientation was the Chinese Cultural Values Scale (CCVS) by Yau (1994). It is the only one scale developed for exploring the relationship between Chinese cultural values and consumer attitudes and behaviors. It is nothing related with entrepreneurial attitudes orientation. 2.2.2 Chinese Value (CV) Chinese Value is selected to be independent variables in this research. The Chinese Value Survey (referred to as the CVS) was developed by Bond and a group of research workers known collectively as the Chinese Culture Connection in response to their perceived need to measure and evaluate cultural values within the setting of a Chinese social value system that is derived from the Confucian ethos. The Confucian ethos has tended towards the formation of a dedicated and motivated as well as educated population which manifests a responsible and enhanced sense of commitment to its ideals and institutions as well as to the identity and moral fiber of its organization with the resultant establishment of desirable outcomes (Chang et al., 1997). Values are enduring belief of desired end-state of existence or modes of behaviour (Kluckholn, 1951). In psychology, values are operationalized as the guiding principles of a persons behaviour (Schwarts Bilsky, 1990). The values measured by Bond and his colleagues remain universal in nature, but they also include some values which are uniquely Confucian (Hofstede, 1991). Examples are respect for tradition, humility, filial piety, and protecting ones face. This is not to say such values do not exist in Western culture, but rather their implied importance is not as great as in Eastern culture. The study used 40-scale items which were identical to those in the study so as to find out different culture dimensions in valuing (Ng, 1982). There are four dimensions of (CVS) such as Integration, Human-heartedness, Confusion work dynamism and moral discipline. Integration dimension focuses upon social stability and can be characterized by having tolerance for others. Integration also places importance upon being trustworthy and enjoying a close friendship. It corresponds to Hofstedes power distance dimension which identifies the degree of power distance that is seen as appropriate between a superior and a subordinate. In the organizational context, it can be an indicator of the degree of centralization that is deemed appropriate. Secondly, human-heartedness dimension deals with an individuals level of social consciousness or awareness. It is a measure of ones compassion toward others. It is characterized by the need to be kind, forgiving and courteous. In the business setting, it may be viewed as presenting a contrast between the task-oriented and people-oriented styles of management. Human-heartedness also may be viewed as comparable to Hofstedes (1980) masculinity dimension. The third is the Confusion work dynamism, it reflects the teachings of Confucius that emphasize a social hierarchy or structure (Louie, 1980). It can be characterized by a respect for tradition with a strong desire to save face. It also implies a need to order relationships by status and to respect the order of that status. Confucian work dynamism fills a void in the content of Western instruments which, not too surprisingly, do not include Confucian values in their constructs (Hofstede Bond, 1988). Lastly, is the moral discipline. The focus of this dimension is upon keeping oneself under control in relation to others. It is characterized by the need to be moderate, prudent and adaptable. Following the high road is a part of moral discipline when compared with Hofstedes (1980) IBM research, three of the four CVS dimensions aligned closely with three of the four Hofstede dimensions (Hofstede Bond 1988). The four Hofstedes dimensions namely are 1), individualism 2), masculinity, 3) power distance, and 4) uncertainty avoidance. Although Hofstede did not specify the relationship between culture and entrepreneurial, his culture dimensions are useful in identifying the key elements of culture related to entrepreneurial orientation. All four indices were based on responses to questions framed by Western social scientists. 2.2.3 Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation and Development The previous research has found that various personality and attitudinal constructs in the field of entrepreneurship. Lumpkin and Dess (1996) have defined Entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO) as the processes, practices, decision-making activities that lead to new entry. Furthermore, Hornaday and Aboud (1971) has mentioned EAO is a set of personal psychological traits, values, attributes and attitudes strongly associated with a motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The six major schools of thought on entrepreneurship were discovered by Barton and Lischeron (1991). These are Great Person School, The Psychological Characteristics School, Classical School, Management School, The Leadership School, and Intrapreneurship School. Each of these schools of thought can be according to its interests in studying personal characteristics, opportunities, management or need for adapting an existing venture. The Psychological Characteristics School has focuses on personality factors and believes that entrepreneurs have unique values and attitudes toward work and life. Beside, Lachman (1980) has suggested that entrepreneurs can differentiate from non-entrepreneurs by personality characteristics such as the people who possess the characteristics entrepreneurs will have higher potential to perform entrepreneurial acts than those who do not possess such characteristics. Based on the three personalities characteristic to distinguish and recognize entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs. First, the personal values such as honesty, duty, responsibility, ethical behavior. Second, risk-taking propensity. Last, the need for achievement (as cited in Barton and Lischeron, 1991). With further empirical supports personality traits contribute to entrepreneurial attitude orientation from McClelland (1961) and Collins, Hanges Locke (2004) asserted that need for achievement is a strong entrepreneurial trait, and Gasse (1985) and Hansemark (2003) found that entrepreneurs often possess a greater internal locus of control than the general population. Brockhous (1982) identified three attributes consistently associated with entrepreneurial behavior are need for achievement, internal locus of control, and a risk-taking propensity. Krueger Brazeal, 1994; Erickson, 2002; Frazier Niehm, 2006 have suggested the higher self-efficacy is associated with entrepreneurship and business creation. (as cited in Harris, M. Gibson, S., 2009). However, there are also background factors, which relate to individual personality such as gender (Buttner Rosen, (1989) and education (Storey, 1982) which is also linked to the attitude to establish a business (as cited in Mohammad Shariff , M. N., Basir Saud, M. 2009). According to Ajzen Fishbein (1977), they agreed that the personality theories frequently loss its effectiveness in measuring entrepreneurial attitudes. There are still founded some limitations with lacked predictive validity in groups of entrepreneurship and non- entrepreneurship (Sexton and Bowman 1986). It means certain characteristics have differed on variety of characteristics which are supposed to be stable across time and situation according to personality theory. The possible reasons to explain the limitation are the instruments lack adequate reliability and validity and people are change across time or situation. In order to deal with the limitation on personality mode entrepreneur research works out attitude model to correct inadequacy of psychological models based on personality. Olson and Bosserman (1984), Gasse (1986), Sexton (1987) have found that attitude in conjunction with entrepreneurship. The concept of attitude is a dynamic interactive way of relating to the environment in conjunction with a specific person, place, thing, event, activity, idea or lifestyle. The dynamic nature of the concept implies that it changes across time and from situation to situation (as cited in Robinson., P.B., Stimpson, D.V., Huefner, J.C., Keith Hunt, H., 1991a). . Ajzen (1982), Rosenberg and Hovland (1960) Shaver (1987) has stated that attitude is the predisposition to respond in a generally favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to the object of the attitude. In addition, Allport (1935), Breckler (1983 and 1984), Carlson (1985), Kothandapani (1970) and others categorized attitude as the triparti te model consisting of three types of reaction to everything: affect, cognition, and conation (as cited in Robinson., P.B., Stimpson, D.V., Huefner, J.C., Keith Hunt, H., 1991b). The following research conducted by Robinson, P.B., Stimppson, D.V., Heufner, J.C. Hunt, K.N. (1991), they has adopted this attitudinal theoretical approach explaining the behavioral tendencies of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Scale (EAOS) is one method of investigating entrepreneurial orientated individuals provide valid measurement based on attitude theory. Hence, this scale is used to distinguish entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs with the four important entrepreneurial attitudes included Achievement, Self-Esteem, Personal Control and Innovation. The four sub-scales described as Achievement in creating a business, Perceived self esteem as indication of self-evaluated competence in business affairs, Perception of personal control and influence over business incentives, and Innovation by acting upon business incentives. Each of the sub-scales is reported to be the product of the three theoretical attitudinal behavioural components of cognition (belief and th oughts), affection (positive or negative conviction) and conative Behaviour (intentions and actions). Furthermore, another model came out after the attitudinal approach called entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (EOR) by Covin Slevin, (1989). Both of the researchers have gave more attention to incorporate specific situational factors related to the emotions, cognition, behaviourial action germane to a specific environmental stimulus instead of attitudinal measures. The literature has developed a study that an association of opportunity recognition with the concept of entrepreneurship (as cited in McCline, R.L., Bhat, S. Baj, P., 2000). 2.2.4 Entrepreneurs Attitude Orientation (EAO) Entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO) is the dependent variable in our research project. Bygrave and Hofer (1991, p.14) define an entrepreneur as . . . someone who perceives an opportunity and creates an organization to pursue it. In formulating national policy recommendations, entrepreneurship act as the creation of new independent businesses (Vesper, 1983, p.1). Founder of a new business and started the business before others also can applied as an entrepreneurs (Gartner, 1985). The term has been used to define a wide range of activities such as creation, founding, adapting, and managing a venture. Entrepreneurship is not only associated with the formation of new firms, but also with entrepreneurial action in the sense of starting something new (Wennekers and Thurik, 1999). Attitude is known as a part of personality that is supported by belief and is able to arouse emotions that investigate specific behaviors (Oppenheim, 2000). There are some research revealed that attitude is an important factor of an individual success in entrepreneurship. This is because a successful entrepreneurs is said to be influenced and stimulated by the individual own attitude. In this research, the attitude approach is the best way to explain the success of an entrepreneur because it links the individual and the ever-changing attitudinal object (Kuratko and Hodgetts 2004; Robinson et al. 1991a). Attitudes can therefore also be changed purposely to be more favorable towards entrepreneurship. Attitude does not appear as a single aspect, but is connected to other aspects of an individual (Oppenheim, 2000). According to Oppenheim, an individual has several extraordinary characteristics that portray his or her personality. Therefore, a person need a true and positive attitude to choose and participated to become successful entrepreneurship (Mohd Salleh et al. 2005). Entrepreneurial attitude orientation is the studies of entrepreneurial personality characteristics. The work of Robinson, Stimpson, Huefner, and Hunt (1991) was one of the first to integrate an attitude scale to predict entrepreneurial activity. (Robinson et al., 1991b) adopted this theoretical approach to investigate entrepreneurial oriented individual by explaining the development of the behaviour. Robinson et al. (1991a) developed the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO) model based on the four dimensions of achievement, innovation, personal control, and self esteem in business. The first dimension, need for achievement, is an important determining factor in choosing entrepreneurship as a career. The individual desire for appreciation corresponds to the needed motivation for becoming a successful entrepreneur is high (Davidson 1995; McClelland 1961; Moorman and Halloran 1993). The individual that possesses this need is said to be inclined in exploratory efforts and be able to become a very successful entrepreneur (McClelland, 1961). This is some characteristic such as, increases self-satisfaction, readiness in facing challenges, and the freedom to determine the amount of effort needed to succeed in the chosen field. The second dimension is internal locus of control. It is an individual attitude in handling his or her daily affairs influences his decisions and actions. Thus, ones internal locus of control is ones belief in ones ability to control ones future, self-confidence, commitment, and creativity, among many other things. Past research has down-played this attitude in determining individuals involvement level in entrepreneurship (Hisrich and Peters 1998). The characteristic of competitiveness is essential because it is able to provide confidence, commitment, and determination, thus enabling an individual to persevere with his or her choice of entrepreneurship (Mohd Salleh et al. 2005) The third dimensions is innovative behaviour, it is commonly view as the key to continuous entrepreneurship (Johnson, 1994), and has been presented as the main criterion for entrepreneur activity (Schumpter, 1983: Miller and Friesen, 1982). According to (Carland, 1984) the entrepreneurial individual is characterized principally by innovative behaviour. Innovation activity includes creating new products, methods, markets or a new organization. It relates to perceiving and acting upon business activities in new and unique ways (Drucker 1985). The forth dimensions is self-esteem which is associated with feelings about oneself. It is an important construct of personality for researches because perceptions of others about self esteem may influence individuals outcomes (Strauss 2005). Perceived self-esteem in business is pertaining to the self-confidence and perceived competency of an individual in conjunction with his or her business affairs. Self-esteem is associated with feelings about oneself (Hogg and Cooper, 2003) and self-efficacy (as part of self-esteem) is defined as belief in capability to perform the task (Chen et al., 1998). Entrepreneurship literature has also found that persons who believe that their skill and ability set is adequate for achieving success with a new venture are motivated to exert the necessary effort (Douglas and Shepherd, 2000). The fifth dimension is known as opportunity recognition. Venkatraman (1997) noted that it is one thing to be aware that entrepreneurial opportunities exist, but a significantly different matter to know how to exploit these opportunities. There must be something quite unique about the entrepreneurial individual that gives him or her the propensities to gain economically in the midst of the change, chaos and confusion that tend to foster the emergence of entrepreneurs (Schumpeter, 1976; Stevenson, 1983). Opportunity recognition can known as perceiving possibility for new profit through the founding and formation of a new venture or significant impromevent of an existing venture (Christensen, Madsen Peterson, 1989). 2.3 Proposed Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework In this section, the interrelationship among each variable will be discussed: Theoretical Framework: Factors that affect the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Need for achievement Locus of control Innovation Self esteem Opportunity Recognition Chinese Value Integration Human heartedness Confucian work dynamism Moral discipline Figure 2.1 Theoretical Framework 2.3.1 Relationship between Integration and Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Integration is an index of the degree of tolerance, harmony and friendship a society endorses, at the expense of competitiveness, it has a broadly integrative, socially stabilizing emphasis (The Chinese Culture Connection, 1987). It has significant relationship with Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation. Integration refers to the compatibility of decision making among various departments in the organization. It includes the use of interdepartmental committees for joint decision making, task forces which are temporary bodies set up to facilitate interdepartmental collaboration on a specific project and liaison personnel whose specific job is to coordinate the efforts of several departments for purposes of specific product (Miller Danny, 1983). Integration assumes importance as in large firms there is a need for a coordinated effort to remain focused in pursuit of objectives of the firm. 2.3.2 Relationship between Confusion Work Dynamism and Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Confucian dynamism is having a significant relationship with Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation. The c